Capital invistment apprisals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Capital invistment apprisals - Essay Example There are 5 techniques that have been employed in this particular scenario: simple payback method; accounting rate of return (ARR); net present value (NPV); and internal rate of return (IRR) (Mott, 1997). Capital Investment Appraisal Capital investment appraisal is the evaluation of the attractiveness and viability of an investment proposal, using techniques like payback period; net present value (NPV); average rate of return (ARR); or internal rate of return (IRR) (Go?tze, Northcott & Schuster, 2008). Investment appraisal is an essential part of capital budgeting and is relevant in cases where the returns cannot be easily quantified (e.g. training, marketing, and personnel). All businesses need fixed assets (capital equipment) like vehicles, premises, and machinery. The acquisition of those assets is called capital investment. Just like other business activities, capital investment comes with an element of risk and uncertainty, because costs are incurred today so as to generate some benefits in the future (Harrison, 2003). Capital investment appraisal techniques are aimed at enhancing and supporting decision making on such investment undertakings. The Appraisal Techniques i) Payback Period Method This technique is based on the time needed for the forecasted net cash flows to equal the amount of capital that has been invested in a potential investment initiative (Mott, 1997). The investment project that repays whatever capital invested in the least possible time is considered to be the most attractive (Gardner, 1998). This technique requires the following estimates: (a) amount of capital needed, and (b) the timing and amount of the net cash flows an investment generates. Advantages a) Simple to compute and easy to understand b) Suitable for risky projects where it is difficult to predict future cash flows beyond the first couple of years (for instance, IT). c) Suitable if short term cash flows are more critical to the survival of an investment than long-term ca sh flows. d) Suitable when there is a concern regarding gearing or borrowing. Disadvantages a) Does not factor in the time value of money (cash now is often more valuable than cash received later). b) Disregards cash flows when the payback period elapses. ii) Accounting Rate of Return While the payback period method concentrates on cash flows, the ARR concentrates on profit. It measures the forecasted average profit before tax and interest as a percentage of the average capital invested in a business venture. Advantages a) Simple to compute and easy to understand b) Caters for the entire life of an investment c) Compatible with ROCE and the performance ratio Disadvantages a) Does not account for the time value of money b) Does not offer guidance on what is a good rate of return c) Averages can be confusing and misleading d) Disregards the timing of profits e) No uniform definition of terms iii) Net Present Value This is the present value of all the present and future cash flows of a n investment, discounted at those cash flows’ opportunity cost. Advantages a) Accounts for effects of inflation b) Adjust future cash flows to a PV (present value) Disadvantages a) Inflation is usually unpredictable b) The longer you go into the future the less reliable the discount

How do concepts of exile and masquerade operate in handmaid's tale, Term Paper

How do concepts of exile and masquerade operate in handmaid's tale, and comfort woman - Term Paper Example The book touches on many themes the most prominent being that of women’s rights, and also those of exile and masquerade. The theme of exile is most prominent in the ‘Unwomen’ segment of society. It also frequently appears in the desire that many characters have for voluntary exile from the Giledean state. The Comfort Women is a painful story woven around the lives of two women. One is the story of Akiko a Korean comfort women1 married to an American missionary. The other protagonist is her daughter struggling to come to terms with her life specially her cultural identity. The theme of exile in this book is present in the book because the characters are in places physically and emotionally in which they feel disconnected from reality. Akiko after the hell that she goes through struggles to survive alone in America and also to maintain a balance between her spiritual life and her external American life. Her daughter on the other hand is embarrassed by her mother’s obsession with the spirit world because it is something that has no connection to her American life. The book also has element of the theme of masquerade in the sense that Akiko hides who she really is from everyone around her including her daughter. In a way she wears a mask to hide the marks of what the past has left on her. The theme of exile is an important one in Handmaid’s tale. Those exiled are victims of the society’s structure, in the sense that they either could not fit into any of the categories assigned by the government or they have been disconnected from mainstream society simply because they serve a function that society does not want to highlight. One category is the ’Unwomen’. This does not include only women but in fact political rebels, homosexuals or anyone who does not fit into any of the categories. They have been exiled from society forced to live in toxic waste dumps in the fringes of society. This category is used as at

Report about the Federal Aviation Administration Essay

Report about the Federal Aviation Administration - Essay Example For instance, the tragedy that befell the nation on 11th September, 2001 asked for new and stringent approach to aviation safety. Airport, in-flight and passenger security became all the more important. The Aviation and Transport Security Act passed in November of the same year created Transportation Security Administration solely for aviation security. However, FAA remains â€Å"responsible for the certification, production approval, and continued airworthiness of aircraft; and certification of pilots, mechanics, and others in safety-related positions† (Federal Aviation Authority, n.d.). FAA regulates civil air space and provides air navigation services using Air Traffic Organization (ATO), its operations wing. With the latest technology and more than 30000 specialist personnel such as technicians and controllers, ATO ensures safe navigation in the USA skies. FAA reports that last decade has been the safest periods in aviation history. The system is proactive and using advanced technology collects, analyses, reports and identifies trouble spots, weather threats and other risks and acts accordingly. FAA’s Airports Organization inspects and regulates airports, their design, standards, safety, rates and charges as well as allocation of grants towards infrastructure development. The most recent initiative in improving travel experience is the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) that ropes in satellite and advanced digital communication. This improves safety, efficiency and minimizes environmental issues, such as emissions. FAA also has an academy exclusively dedicated to training its personnel as well as inducting new workforce into its culture of safety and efficiency. FAA carries out extensive research on all its areas of operation and continues to become more effective in its

Conclusion Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conclusion Paper - Essay Example However I hold an opinion that such tests have pressurized and influenced students in ways that are not too subtle to avoid. Critiques condemn such tests saying that a test paper made up of a few multiple choice questions cannot ever judge students’ overall educational capabilities. â€Å"Some school systems are under great pressure to raise their scores so they have resorted to decreasing time spent in recess.† (Margie, 2009). This leads to negative impact on students. So these tests mostly allow base learning and are not entirely capable of producing 100% result that means instilling a deep understanding of knowledge in a student. Understandably, these tests mostly contain multiple choice questions, so they can be completed in a much shorter time, they can be quickly graded and most beneficently, they allow a swift analysis of a big number of students. They are less time-consuming and characteristically too simplistic. They give teachers guidance like what they should teach students for preparation. This system of testing also allows parents to track their child’s progress over years and compare it with other students in other areas. This helps the students to assess if they are going up or down academically. But are they a good way of measuring individual learning and intelligence in a perfect manner? The answer is a straight-forward no. The term â€Å"high-stakes testing† is used when only standardizes tests are considered when determining whether a student should go the next grade or not. Many concerned parents have reportedly argued that this system of testing does not allow the students to satisfactorily demonstrate their individual skills of critical thinking and logical reasoning. â€Å"Some students are bad test takers, so this shouldnt be the only way they are judged.† (Cartman, 2010). Which is better, profound knowledge allowing a deep insight or base knowledge allowing an approach that would only last till

One Missed Call by Takashi Miike Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

One Missed Call by Takashi Miike - Essay Example One Missed Call is the story of a college student Yumi Nakamura whose friend Yoko receives a phone call with a ring tone she has never heard before. The message is dated three days in the future with her own voice saying "It's started raining." This is followed by a spine-chilling scream and after some days the events heard in the message actually happen and Yoko dies a gruesome death. Several other victims receive similar messages on their cell phones dated a day or two in the future and die violent deaths. The story is about Yumi tracking down the source of these calls with the help of a man whose sister was the first victim to die. Their pursuit leads them to a girl who has died of asthma and her abusive mother. In One Missed Call one finds all the clichà ©s of J-Horror films such as shock, horror and torture, but the director here uses them effectively and scares the audience with some imaginative twists. The scenes may be familiar with fingers coming out of cupboards, crawling shadows, girls with bulging eyes trembling in corners and scary sound effects. Scenes such as a resurrect corpse chasing Ko Shiasaki in the abandoned hospital manage to shock the audience. The victims are tortured by the horror of the messages that they receive on their cell phones. The killings shown are gruesome and graphic in detail. Takashi Miike excels in scaring the audience. The best sequence of the movie is the reality television show where a terrified girl who has received the fatal message is forced by some TV producers.

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Project Management - Essay Example For any software project management, phases can be broadly categorized as follows: Basically the task performed for project initiation starts with requirement gathering, then scope determination, resource allocation and project planning. The first task is to gather the customer requirements. As in the present project the challenge for the project manager is to elicit the requirements in such a way that almost all the information regarding needs and wants of the customer could be gathered. Another important area for the project manager is to define the Project scope, as the work required for creating a software product (Website). Project manager needs to define the scope of a software project to ensure that all processes required to complete the project are identified. Scope of the software products (website) for DropBy Caf must include the functions it is expected to perform, its performance criteria and the constraints under which the software is developed. The function and performance requirement of DropBy Caf website must be identified by system analyst. This i ncludes the features that enable the website to modify the user interface or process data in a specific manner. Parameters such as processing speed, data transfer speed and request processing speed will help to measure the performance of the website. To develop the correct website for DropBy Caf, the IT team which consists of 5 member (Project manager, quality manager, system analyst & 2 Progammers) will began to collect the information from the relevant stakeholders i. e. customers as well as owner of DropBy Caf i.e. Nathan Barlow to determine exactly the scope of the software project (website). The project team must interact with Nathan Barlow because he is the owner and has the complete authority. After collecting all the information regarding the required performance, functionality and constrained the team has used a decision tree to analyze and decide to create a feasible solution. In this situation, where DropBy Caf is trying to implement and develop a website project team fou nd that client/server solution was more suitable for implementation at DropBy Caf because it allow different functional areas to connect to central databases, in house made solution which avoid the cost of purchasing and users could easily adapt to the new system. First of all, to collect and extract more and more information, a joint team of system analyst, programmers and project manager himself together must, converse with Nathan Barlow to identify the requirement, solution, alternatives and preliminary set of requirements for the website. A comprehensive list of requirements and concerns help the project manager to determine the scope of the website project effectively. Another technique at this level could be used specifically by quality engineer is quality function deployment (QFD) which includes interviews with Nathan Barlow, observation and surveys together information for scope determination. This QFD technique application starts with identification of client i.e., Nathan B arlow. Next step is to determine the client requirements. Here Nathan Barlow's requirement is to launch a website which must be dynamic and could be modified time to time because he needs to advertise new dishes weekly. The basic requirement of the website is to post the entire

Case Submission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Submission - Essay Example Acceptance of offer Sent by offeree I. Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Company 1. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Carbolic Smoke Ball advertisement Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1893] 1 QB 256 is one of the most famous leading cases in English law that helped establish the requirements for the formation of a contract. B. Contents 1 Background 2 Ruling 3 Later influence 4 External links 5 See also C. Background The Carbolic Smoke Ball Company made a product called a smoke ball that it claimed could protect the user from contracting influenza. The smoke ball was a rubber ball with a tube attached. It was filled with carbolic acid (phenol). The tube was then inserted into the user's nose. It was squeezed at the bottom to release the vapours into the nose of the user. This would cause the nose to run, and hopefully flush out the cold. In fact the inflammation caused by the device would have probably increased susceptibility to catching influenza. The Company published advertisements claiming that it would pay 100 to anyone who got sick with influenza after using its product according to the instructions set out in the advertisement. Specifically, they stated: 100 reward will be paid by the Carbolic Smoke Ball Company to any person who contracts the increasing epidemic influenza, colds or any disease caused by taking cold, after having used the ball three times daily for two weeks according to the printed directions supplied each ball. 1000 is deposited with the Alliance Bank, Regent Street, showing our sincerity in the matter. Mrs Carlill, relying on the promises made in the advertisement, bought one of the balls and used it in the manner specified, yet still managed to contract... The Carbolic Smoke Ball Company made a product called a smoke ball that it claimed could protect the user from contracting influenza. The smoke ball was a rubber ball with a tube attached. It was filled with carbolic acid (phenol). The tube was then inserted into the user's nose. It was squeezed at the bottom to release the vapours into the nose of the user. This would cause the nose to run, and hopefully flush out the cold. In fact the inflammation caused by the device would have probably increased susceptibility to catching influenza. 100 reward will be paid by the Carbolic Smoke Ball Company to any person who contracts the increasing epidemic influenza, colds or any disease caused by taking cold, after having used the ball three times daily for two weeks according to the printed directions supplied each ball. 1000 is deposited with the Alliance Bank, Regent Street, showing our sincerity in the matter. The Carbolic Company claimed that there was no enforceable contract between it and the user of the smoke ball on the grounds that there was no acceptance of its offer, because Mrs Carlill had never notified the Company that she accepted its offer, or consideration, since the Company did not receive any benefit from a purchaser's use of the product once the sale had been completed. The court rejected