Thursday, May 21, 2020

The concept of social identity, social class,gender and...

Social Identity is the understanding of who we are, and reciprocally, other peoples understanding of themselves. Richard Jenkins believed that this social identity is achieved through socialization within social groups. He argued that by placing themselves in the role of others, people, particularly children, gain a greater understanding of the role that they should play. For example, a six-year-old girl playing mommy with her dolls will, as she gets into the role, begin to understand what a mother expects from a daughter and will, in response, be able to perform her own role as a daughter better. This is known as the play stage. Identity taking or role-playing is, according to Tony Bilton, the primary way in which individuals creates†¦show more content†¦However various people have proved such expectations wrong. Ann Oakley (1972) firmly believed that the culture of a society is what determines the type of behaviour displayed by the sexes. I believe that that assumption is right. If one compared the behaviour of a woman in India to that of a woman living in North America one would certainly notice a huge difference in behaviour. The constant demand of liberty for all helps to form females identity in North America. They demand and get freedom of speech; movement and can occupy any job in society. This is not the case with Indian women. Not only when born is a girl considered a liability but she is also treated as inferior to the male of the species. In many cases, Indian women are viewed as possessions. As in the example of the Pakistani girl, possessions can be tampered with to teach lessons to the offending family. It is kind of like stealing cattle with the knowledge that the person who owns it will feel upset because they intended to kill it and get some meat. Because of this type of treatment, Indian women tend to be more timid and probably consider an American woman bold. They would not dream of interrupting a man while he is speaking far less disagreeing with him, certain jobs are closed to them and their world would more or less revolve around keeping their husbands and families happy. The realization ofShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Identity? Who Defines Such, And How Is It Constructed?1570 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is identity? Who defines such, and how is it constructed? The Oxford English dictionary, describes identity as â€Å"being who, or what a person is, and the characteristics determining who, or what that person is.† But, identity is much more complex than its dictionary definition. Although the word â€Å"identity† is used correctly in everyday discourse, its meaning is not captured by the definition. Identity has a double sense, it can refer to one’s self, a personal identity; but at the same timeRead MoreSocial Stratification : Social Class, Ethnicity, Age, And Gender1074 Words   |  5 Pages It is in the human nature to be social beings, and have a social identity. Social stratification is the organization of individuals into social groups based on their access to basic needs. Aspects that affect social stratification are wealth, power, and prestige. Wealth is the amount of currency or goods that an individual or family owns. This can include money, houses, livestock, etc. Power is the ability for one to achieve their goals regardless of opposition. Wealth is directly related toRead MoreEssay about Educational Achievement and Development1338 Words   |  6 Pagesin developing their individual identity. In many cases there are contributing issues that not only hinder, but can dramatically affect a child’s educational achievement and development; but also i mpacts negatively on their childhood experience. These contributing factors consist of a person’s class, their gender and/or their race and ethnicity; which no child has the ability to change at such a young and impressionable age. The issue of race, ethnicity and gender are essentially a part of a person’sRead MoreGender, Race, And Ethnicity And Power Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pagessociety, others may differ in an negative aspect. In this socio-autobiography, I argue that the society is an nightmare as humans develop a whole range of complex sociological concepts. The following paragraphs will explain the struggle of my life experiences being influenced by using the concepts of gender, race and ethnicity and power. My journey began the moment I entered the world on May 25, 1996. I was born and raised in a small developed country called New Zealand. At birth, my biologicalRead MoreGiving An Education By Adrienne Rich Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of their history, however, education cannot provide the necessary means in order to live life actively and allow women to become committed to themselves. In Adrienne Rich’s piece titled â€Å"Claiming an Education†, Rich delves into this concept of having women as subjects. She explains that although the presence of women’s studies reflects a bold perspective and exhibits a great way to gain a critical basis for their experiences, it is just as important as â€Å"taking responsibility towardsRead MoreRace And Ethnicity : Biological And Sociological Factors980 Words   |  4 PagesRace and Ethnicity both relate to biological and sociological factors respectively, and even though they can overlap, they are distinct. The term race refers to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of physical characteristics (which usually result from genetic ancestry). Race presumes shared biological or genetic traits, whether actual or asserted and the category to which others assign individuals on the basis of physical characteristics. Races areRead MoreRace And Ethnicity : Biological And Sociological Factors957 Words   |  4 PagesRace and Ethnicity both relates to biological and sociological factors respectively and even though they can overlap, they are distinct. The term race refers to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of physical characteristics (which usually result from genetic ancestry). Race presumes shared biological or genetic traits, whether actual or asserted and the category to which others assign individuals on the basis of physical characteristics. Races areRead MoreThe Presentation Of The Self By Irving Goffman1167 Words   |  5 Pages The sociological concept ‘dramaturgy’, was developed by Irving Goffman (1922 – 1982) and initially used in his book The Presentation of the Self (1959). The concept was also a feature of subsequent works Behavior in Public Places (1963) and Interaction Rituals (1967), where the focus was on interaction and social scene rather than self-presentation and identity work. Dramaturgy uses the theatre as an extended metaphor to explain how people perform a variety of social roles, like actors in a playRead MoreEssay about Race and Ethnicity in Social Sciences877 Words   |  4 PagesUse of the Terms Race and Ethnicity in the Social Sciences Defining identity can be complex and therefore we have to investigate the factors involved that make us who we are and how we are seen by others, collectively or individually. Social scientists have to consider the key elements which shape identity, the importance of social structures and agency involved. The differences and/or similarities between us are the focus that categorise and label us in society. Knowing who we are is importantRead MoreSociological Accounts on Individuals Acquiring Their Identities591 Words   |  3 PagesSociological Accounts on Individuals Acquiring Their Identities The concept of identity has been defined as A sense of self that develops as the child differentiates from parents and family and takes a place in society (Jary and Jary, 1991.) Through the process of socialization, individuals acquire their identities, but this issue cause different understandings according to sociological accounts. Here, I will show these accounts, and make an analysis understood by

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

How Have Cell Phones Changed Our Society Research Paper

- 1 - Alexia Corbett 3-12-2009 CELLULAR PHONES INFLUENCE(s) AND IMPACT(s) ON SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS This paper seeks to explore how cellular phones (cell phones/mobiles) have influenced and impacted social interactions and interpersonal relationships. There have been a number of suggested theories and studies that have been contributed to the rising popularity and commonality of cell phones as to how they are affecting the way individuals are interacting in society. Some of these include, a change in the concept of time and space (Fortunati, 2002), lack of face-to-face interaction (Thompson and Cupples, 2008), the maintenance of relationships, social absences, and social dependency (Reid†¦show more content†¦The Change of Space and Time/Proximal Relationships Since the 18 th century, the idea of using the telephone has always been a fixed mentality in regards to accessibility. The phone was located at a fixed location, usually in a home or office, and you would have to be in that location where the phone was in order to be able to receive an d answer incoming phone calls. This bore the concept of â€Å"sitting and waiting by the phone† for someone to call, since at one time it was the only option. With the development of technologies, there have been ways to alter this mentality; there was the creation of the answering machine, which allowed for you to access messages from missed phone calls when you returned home, which did not always allow for a prompt relay of a message nor reply, and more recently the creation and distribution of the cellular phone. Cellular phones have taken this concept and spun it around on itself. With the development of cellular phones, individuals are able to remain in close and instantaneous contact with members of their social network regardless of where they are in the world. In addition to keeping up with social relationships, individuals have also been able to increase productivity with their work because they can be hundreds of miles away from the office, and still have instant a ccess to theirShow MoreRelatedHow Cell Phones Changed Us Socially1503 Words   |  7 PagesHow Cell Phones Changed Us Socially Having a cell phone is very convenient and helpful most of the time. They are great for emergencies, but not everyone knows of the potential negative impacts these phones have on our lives. In the past several years there have been numerous studies looking into the problems, which cell phone cause. This paper will show how the cell phone has had a dynamic impact on social interactions in today’s society. First it will show the point of having a cellular phoneRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Today s Society862 Words   |  4 PagesThe Rapid Change in Technology According to Mail Online, the average person looks at their phone approximately 110 times a day. Whether it is to check a message, make a call, or check the time, 110 times a day seems a bit excessive. Primarily starting in the 1980s, technology has changed dramatically and rather quickly. It has changed from telephones to cell phones, computers to laptops, emailing to text messaging, CD players to iPod, and cable television to Smart TVs; technology is rapidly improvingRead MoreThe Technology of Cellphones1164 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ The mobile phone is making more significant changes to people’s lifestyles in contemporary times than the landline equivalent did in an earlier era. The technology of a telephone on the move has made a more significant impact on today’s society as compared to the impact made by landlines in an earlier era. A survey carried out in 2010 by UK Imperial College London, identified more than six billion users of mobile phones worldwide. Most of them have used both a mobile and a landline andRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Our Society1620 Words   |  7 Pagesabilities. In the society nowadays, technologies are the center of connecting with people all over the world and impact our society in a big way. If we look back thirty years ago, not everyone had all of new technologies and knew an idea of getting information at anytime and anywhere from a World Wide Web. Because of these technologies, people have opportunities to improving their knowledge of world via Internet technology and to communicate with people from all corners of world. Smart phone are the fastRead MoreTeens as Victims of Cyberbullying1482 Words   |   6 Pages â€Å"Around half of teens have been the victims of cyber bullies,† Richard Webster from the â€Å"Cyber bullying is when a person or a group is trying to embarrass and harm or intimidate those who are weaker than them†. â€Å"Cyber bullying to texting: What’s on your kids ‘Cell?† What is cyber bullying? The Stop bullying Organization explains what the meaning of cyber bullying is. Cyber bullies are able to use cells phones and the internet to make it very easy bully other people. Lawmakers and Schools shouldRead MoreDriving A Vehicle While Texting1745 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction We currently live in a society where technology has become a necessity, more specifically, cell phones have become essential and people go crazy when they are without this particular device. This obsession with our cellular devices has caused many deaths, affected our form of communication with others, and making us stupider. Driving a vehicle while texting is six times more dangerous than driving while intoxicated according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)Read MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Technology1370 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology has changed modern society drastically, both positively and negatively. Technology has influenced every aspect of our life, making it simpler but not necessarily better. Albert Einstein was concerned about the advancement of technology. I fear the day that technology will surpass our human interaction.1 Undoubtedly, what has changed the most are communication, the spread of information, and how business is practiced. Consequently, practically everyone knows how to use a computer, connectRead MoreCell phones How have they changed us socially?1632 Words   |  7 PagesDoes cell phone use really affect our communication skills? Cartoon by Izzy Peterson by Erin Stewart, Editor November 25, 2013 Filed under Fall 2013, Story Cycle 4, Features, Opinion, Showcase The short URL of the present article is: http://lhslance.org/bKUbA We live in a world where communication through modern technology is almost required. Everywhere people are texting, emailing, writing blogs and tweeting. It’s hard to go anywhere without seeing someone using a phone or the InternetRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesHave you ever wondered what would the world resemble in the event that we didn t have any cell phones? Why is it that we get out of our comfort zone when we do not have access to our phones? Nowadays, cell phones have such a noteworthy effect on our day to day lives, and we owe it to the advancement of technology. In this research paper, we will take a closer look at this phenomenon by examining the evolution of cell phone devices, and it’s effects on society. Cell phones, as we know them haven’tRead MoreTelephone Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesCan you imagine how different life would be if the telephone was never invented? One of the most powerful, and controversial, inventions has been that of the telephone. Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone, had no idea that what he invented would eventually change the world. The advancement of telephones has impacted the growth in the telecommunication field and has helped people around the world stay connected. Before this technology was invented, it was very difficult for

Dothea Orem Self-Care Theory Free Essays

Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Theory This page was last updated on February 4, 2012 INTRODUCTION †¢Theorist : Dorothea Orem (1914-2007) †¢Born 1914 in Baltimore, US †¢Earned her diploma at Providence Hospital – Washington, DC †¢1939 – BSN Ed. , Catholic University of America †¢1945 – MSN Ed. , Catholic University of America †¢She worked as a staff nurse, private duty nurse, nurse educator and administrator and nurse consultant. We will write a custom essay sample on Dothea Orem Self-Care Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢Received honorary Doctor of Science degree in 1976. †¢Theory was first published in Nursing: Concepts of Practice in 1971, second in 1980, in 1995, and 2001. MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS †¢People should be self-reliant and responsible for their own care and others in their family needing care †¢People are distinct individuals †¢Nursing is a form of action – interaction between two or more persons †¢Successfully meeting universal and development self-care requisites is an important component of primary care prevention and ill health †¢A person’s knowledge of potential health problems is necessary for promoting self-care behaviors †¢Self care and dependent care are behaviors learned within a socio-cultural context DEFINITIONS OF DOMAIN CONCEPTS Nursing – is art, a helping service, and a technology †¢Actions deliberately selected and performed by nurses to help individuals or groups under their care to maintain or change conditions in themselves or their environments †¢Encompasses the patient’s perspective of health condition ,the physician’s perspective , and the nursing perspective †¢Goal of nursing – to render the patient or members of his family capable of meeting the patient’s self care needs †¢To maintain a state of health To regain normal or near normal state of health in the event of disease or injury †¢To stabilize ,control ,or minimize the effects of chronic poor health or disability Health – health and healthy are terms used to describe living things †¦ †¢It is when they are structurally and functionally whole or sound †¦ wholeness or integrity. .includes that which makes a person human,†¦operating in conjunction with physiologi cal and psychophysiological mechanisms and a material structure and in relation to and interacting with other human beings Environment environment components are enthronement factors, enthronement elements, conditions, and developed environment Human being – has the capacity to reflect, symbolize and use symbols †¢Conceptualized as a total being with universal, developmental needs and capable of continuous self care †¢A unity that can function biologically, symbolically and socially Nursing client †¢A human being who has â€Å"health related /health derived limitations that render him incapable of continuous self care or dependent care or limitations that result in ineffective / incomplete care. A human being is the focus of nursing only when a self –care requisites exceeds self care capabilities Nursing problem †¢deficits in universal, developmental, and health derived or health related conditions Nursing process †¢a system to determine (1)wh y a person is under care (2)a plan for care ,(3)the implementation of care Nursing therapeutics †¢deliberate, systematic and purposeful action, OREM’S GENERAL THEORY OF NURSING Orem’s general theory of nursing in three related parts:- †¢Theory of self care Theory of self care deficit †¢Theory of nursing system A. Theory of Self Care This theory Includes: †¢Self care – practice of activities that individual initiates and perform on their own behalf in maintaining life ,health and well being †¢Self care agency – is a human ability which is â€Å"the ability for engaging in self care† -conditioned by age developmental state, life experience sociocultural orientation health and available resources †¢Therapeutic self care demand – â€Å"totality of self care actions to be performed for some uration in order to meet self care requisites by using valid methods and related sets of operations and actions† †¢S elf care requisites – action directed towards provision of self care. 3 categories of self care requisites are- oUniversal self care requisites oDevelopmental self care requisites oHealth deviation self care requisites 1. Universal self care requisites †¢Associated with life processes and the maintenance of the integrity of human structure and functioning †¢Common to all , ADL †¢Identifies these requisites as: oMaintenance of sufficient intake of air ,water, food Provision of care assoc with elimination process oBalance between activity and rest, between solitude and social interaction oPrevention of hazards to human life well being and oPromotion of human functioning 2. Developmental self care requisites †¢Associated with developmental processes/ derived from a condition†¦. Or associated with an event oE. g. adjusting to a new job oadjusting to body changes 3. Health deviation self care †¢Required in conditions of illness, injury, or disease . t hese include:– †¢Seeking and securing appropriate medical assistance Being aware of and attending to the effects and results of pathologic conditions †¢Effectively carrying out medically prescribed measures †¢Modifying self concepts in accepting oneself as being in a particular state of health and in specific forms of health care †¢Learning to live with effects of pathologic conditions B. Theory of self care deficit †¢Specifies when nursing is needed †¢Nursing is required when an adult (or in the case of a dependent, the parent) is incapable or limited in the provision of continuous effective self care. Orem identifies 5 methods of helping: oActing for and doing for others oGuiding others oSupporting another oProviding an environment promoting personal development in relation to meet future demands oTeaching another C. Theory of Nursing Systems †¢Describes how the patient’s self care needs will be met by the nurse , the patient, or both †¢Identifies 3 classifications of nursing system to meet the self care requisites of the patient:- †¢Wholly compensatory system †¢Partly compensatory system †¢Supportive – educative system †¢Design and elements of nursing system define Scope of nursing responsibility in health care situations †¢General and specific roles of nurses and patients †¢Reasons for nurses’ relationship with patients and †¢Orem recognized that specialized technologies are usually developed by members of the health profession †¢A technology is systematized information about a process or a method for affecti ng some desired result through deliberate practical endeavor, with or without use of materials or instruments. Categories of technologies 1. Social or interpersonal †¢Communication adjusted to age, health status Maintaining interpersonal, intra group or inter group relations for coordination of efforts †¢Maintaining therapeutic relationship in light of psychosocial modes of functioning in health and disease †¢Giving human assistance adapted to human needs ,action abilities and limitations 2. Regulatory technologies †¢Maintaining and promoting life processes †¢Regulating psycho physiological modes of functioning in health and disease †¢Promoting human growth and development †¢Regulating position and movement in space OREM’S THEORY AND NURSING PROCESS †¢Nursing process presents a method to determine the self care deficits and hen to define the roles of person or nurse to meet the self care demands. †¢The steps within the approach are considered to be the technical component of the nursing process. †¢Orem emphasizes that the technological component â€Å"must be coordinated with interpersonal and social processes within nursing situations. Nursing Process Orem’s Nursing Process †¢Assessment †¢Diagnosis and prescription; determine why nursing is needed. analyze and interpret –make judgment regarding care †¢Design of a nursing system and plan for delivery of care †¢Production and management of nursing systems Step 1-collect data in six areas:- †¢The person’s health status †¢The physician’s perspective of the person’s health status †¢The person’s perspective of his or her health †¢The health goals within the context of life history ,life style, and health status †¢The person’s requirements for self care †¢The person’s capacity to perform self care †¢Nursing diagnosis †¢Plans with scientific rationaleStep 2 †¢Nurse designs a system that is wholly or partly compensatory or supportive-educative. †¢The 2 actions are:- Bringing out a good organization of the components of patients’ therapeutic self care demands †¢Selection of combination of ways of helping that will be effective and efficient in compensating for/ overcoming patient’s self care deficits †¢Implementation †¢evaluationStep 3 †¢Nurse assists the patient or family in self care matters to achieve identified and described health and health related results. collecting evidence in evaluating results achieved against results specified in the nursing system design †¢Actions are directed by etiology component of nursing diagnosis †¢evaluation Application of Orem’s theory to nursing process Therapeutic self care demandAdequacy of self care agencyNursing diagnosisMethods of helping Air Maintain effective respiration Water No problem Food maintain sufficient intakeInadequate Adequate InadequatePotential for impaired respiratory status P F fluid imbalance Actual nutritional deficit r/t nauseaGuiding directing Teaching Providing physical support Hazards Prevent spouse abuse Promotion of normalcyInadequate InadequateP/F injury A/d in environment Shared housingPersonal development Guiding directing Guiding directing Maintain developmental environment Support  ¬ed normalcy in environment Prevent /manage dev threatInadequate InadequateActual delay in normal dev. R/T early parenthood Level of education Dev deficit r/t loss of reproductive organsGuiding directing Providing psy support Providing physical, psy support Maintenance of health status Management of disease process Inadequate InadequateP/F contd. alterations in health status P/F UTIGuiding directing, teaching Guiding directing, teaching Adherence to med regimen Awareness of potential problemsInadequate InadequateP/F ? dherence in self catheterization OPD RT Actual deficit in awareness of advisability of HRT RT effectsteaching teaching Adjust to loss of reproductive ability dev healthy view of illness Adjust life style to cope with change Inadequate InadequateActual threat to self image Actual self deficit in planning for future needs Providing psy support Guiding directing OREM’S WORK AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A THEORY â₠¬ ¢Orem’s theory ointerrelate concepts in such a way as to create a different way of looking at a particular phenomenon ois logical in nature. ois relatively simple yet generalizable ois basis for hypothesis that can be tested contribute to and assist in increasing the general body of knowledge within the discipline through the research implemented to validate them ocan be used by the practitioners to guide and improve their practice omust be consistent with other validated theories ,laws and principles Strengths †¢Provides a comprehensive base to nursing practice †¢It has utility for professional nursing in the areas of nursing practice nursing curricula ,nursing education administration ,and nursing research †¢Specifies when nursing is needed †¢Her self-care approach is contemporary with the concepts of health promotion and health maintenance Limitations In general system theory a system is viewed as a single whole thing while Orem defines a system as a single whole, thing. †¢Health is often viewed as dynamic and ever changing. †¢The theory is illness oriented. RESEARCH ON OREM’S THEORY 1. Self-care requirements for activity and rest: an Orem nursing focus 2. Nursing diagnoses in patients after heart catheterization–contribution of Orem 3. Self-care–the contribution of nursing sciences to health care 4. Self-care: a foundational science 5. Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory: its philosophic foundation and the state of the science 6. Dorothea E. Orem: thoughts on her theory . Orem’s theory in practice. Hospice nursing care 8. Solving the Orem mystery: an educational strategy 9. Orem’s family evaluation REFERENCES †¢Orem, D. E. (1991). Nursing: Concepts of practice (4th ed. ). St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year Book Inc. †¢Taylor, S. G. (2006). Dorthea E. Orem: Self-care deficit theory of nursing. In A. M. †¢Tomey, A. Alligood, M. (2002). Significance of theory for nursi ng as a discipline and profession. Nursing Theorists and their work. Mosby, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America. †¢Whelan, E. G. (1984). Analysis and application of Dorothea Orem’s Self-care Practuce Model. Retrieved October 31, 2006. †¢George B. Julia , Nursing Theories- The base for professional Nursing Practice, 3rd ed. Norwalk, Appleton Lange. †¢Wills M. Evelyn, McEwen Melanie (2002). Theoretical Basis for Nursing Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams wilkins. †¢Meleis Ibrahim Afaf (1997) , Theoretical Nursing : Development Progress 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott. †¢Taylor Carol,Lillis Carol (2001)The Art Science Of Nursing Care 4th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott. †¢Potter A Patricia, Perry G Anne (1992) Fundamentals Of Nursing –Concepts Process Practice 3rd ed. London Mosby Year Book. How to cite Dothea Orem Self-Care Theory, Papers