Accounting – Concepts and Conventions

History Of Oppressed Groups

History Of Oppressed Groups Talk about how mistreatment identified with your picked territory can show itself in foundations and social orders, and how it can affect on the lives of people and networks. Consider and make explicit reference to the social arrangement reaction. The term mistreatment isn't easy to characterize. It is mind boggling and can take various structures. Now and again it is unmistakably noticeable and at different occasions increasingly unobtrusive and hard to distinguish. The motivation behind this examination will be to investigate mistreatment and how it can show itself in foundations and social orders and how it can affect on the lives of people and networks. So as to investigate persecution this exploration will utilize individuals with a learning handicap at its core interest. Initially this exploration will take a gander at what persecution is and how mistreatment of individuals with learning handicaps has come to show itself in foundations and social orders. This examination will at that point investigate the abuse looked by individuals with a learning inability and the enactment that challenges persecution. Hypothesis, for example, Thompsons (2006) PCS model will be investigated so as to help a comprehension of how abuse an d separation work inside society. At long last this examination will investigate vales and morals important to advance enemy of severe practice. All through the task a social arrangement reaction to mistreatment will be thought of. Thompson (2006) depicts persecution as the barbaric or corrupting treatment of people or gatherings. It is the treacherous and out of line treatment of these people or gatherings of individuals through the pessimistic and debasing activity of intensity, both exclusively and fundamentally (Thomas and Wood: 46). Force is utilized to actualize out of line decisions, frequently broadly, over explicit individuals or gatherings inside society (Thomas and Wood: 46). At an individual level abuse can prompt dampening and an absence of confidence, while at a basic level it can prompt the refusal of rights and citizenship (Dalrymple advertisement Burke 2006: 121). Any components which may see an individual as being unique in relation to the lion's share increment the chance of persecution. Separation and mistreatment are frequently discovered when thinking about individuals with learning handicaps. This could be because of the disarray between psychological maladjustment and learning handicap and furthermore the route individuals with a learning inability have been seen after some time (Thomas and Woods 2003: 49). Thompson recommends a four section models that can be utilized to educate institutional and cultural perspectives and furnish a comprehension of how individuals with learning inabilities are seen (Thompson 1997: 151). The four models incorporate the danger to society model, the clinical model, the oddity model and the extraordinary needs model. Thompson (1997) features that the primary model outlines the dominant part perspective on society toward the start of the twentieth century. Social and social builds show themselves in a dread of anomaly according to incapacity (Llewellyn, Agu and Mercer 2008: 17). This cultural view accepted that individuals with phys ical or learning handicaps ought to be contained in extraordinary establishments as they were a danger to society. This model prompted the clinical model which had faith in utilizing a logical way to deal with oversee individuals and control and contain what society saw as strange conduct (Llewellyn, Agu and Mercer 2008: 14). The clinical model got transcendent in wellbeing and social consideration and clashes between the clinical model and social model are as yet obvious in social arrangement for defenseless gatherings (Llewellyn, Agu and Mercer 2008: 14). The third model Thompson proposes which can be utilized to advise institutional and cultural perspectives which furnish a comprehension of how individuals with learning handicaps are seen is the oddity model. This model is the estimation of clinical impedance and the capacity to accomplish scholastically (Thomas and Wood 2003: 49). An IQ test was concocted to be utilized to analyze a learning incapacity and to recognize whether t he IQ level was underneath typical (70), in the event that it was beneath ordinary oddity was analyzed featuring contrasts prompting persecution (Thomas and Wood 2003: 49). The last model Thompson utilized in increasing a comprehension of how individuals with a learning inability are seen is the uncommon needs model. This model thinks about coordination into society however depends on the recognizable proof of the extraordinary needs of the individual (Thomas and Wood 2003: 49). By utilizing this model, like the oddity model, people groups contrasts are featured, making mix into society increasingly troublesome. Joining into society is troublesome because of the way that individuals are fitted into society and society doesn't adjust or change to oblige them (Thomas and Wood 2003: 49). Thomson recommends that components of every one of these models may influence current cultural mentalities. Each could have its influence in clarifying the explanation behind segregation and mistreatme nt towards individuals with a learning incapacity. What every one of these models share practically speaking is an inclination to minimize and weaken, to a more prominent or lesser degree, individuals with a clinical impedance (Thomson 1997: 152). As referenced before the clinical model and social model for understanding individuals with learning inabilities is still in strife. Truly viewpoints on fix, research and treatment have intensely impacted how handicapped individuals are seen and treated inside society (Llewellyn, Agu and Mercer 2008: 59). The emphasis on the clinical model as opposed to the social model can be found in language up until as of late. Terms, for example, spastic and retard can be found in approach and clinical techniques all through the nineteenth and twentieth hundreds of years suggesting absence of capacity and along these lines absence of worth (Llewellyn, Agu and Mercer 2008: 259). The clinical model appears to concentrate for the most part on the weakness and overlook how society strengthens hindrances for crippled individuals thus the social model of handicap developed (Llewellyn, Agu and Mercer 2008: 260). From the social model point of view it is society and structures that are the more huge iss ue as opposed to the sickness or incapacity itself (Llewellyn, Agu and Mercer 2008: 261). The media is an amazing foundation for molding cultural perspectives and keeps on depicting individuals with learning inabilities adversely which significantly adds to basic disparities and mistreatment (Llewellyn, Agu and Mercer 2008: 262). The Marxist viewpoint on human science saw the modern transformation and the ascent of free enterprise as expanding across the board social persecution. With work power as of now observed as such an enormous ware and as society is about the connection among capital and work, the incapacitated individual is of no utilization or worth (Llewellyn, Agu and Mercer 2008: 262). Learning incapacity made it hard to work which prompted organization and isolation. Measurements show that less than 5,000 impaired individuals in England were limited to refuges yet by the 1900s this had expanded to 74,000 (http://www.isj.org.uk/?id=702). Mistreatment from this point of vi ew must be tested by taking a gander at key basic issues, for example, political or monetary associations, the media and regions, for example, work (Llewellyn, Agu and Mercer 2008: 261). It is these obstructions to interest in the public arena as opposed to the handicap itself that prompts cultural and institutional far reaching mistreatment of people and networks (Llewellyn, Agu and Mercer 2008: 261). The social model of inability dismisses the clinical model expressing that it is society that causes incapacity not hindrance (Llewellyn, Agu and Mercer 2008: 262). Having investigated how abuse of individuals with learning incapacities has sociologically evolved after some time and the kinds of mistreatment looked by individuals with learning handicaps, this exploration will currently investigate enactment which moves persecution and endeavors to advance enemy of abusive practice and strengthening. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 was acquainted with mitigate separation on the grounds of incapacity. Handicap in this Act is characterized as physical or mental disability which has a considerable and long haul unfriendly impact on capacity to complete ordinary everyday exercises (Brayne and Martin 1997: 416). This Act makes enactment which considers segregation on grounds of handicap in business unlawful with the exception of specific conditions, for example, the police or military and features rules of how incapacitated individuals ought to be treated busy working or in spots of instruction (Thomas and Wood 2003: 52). The Human Rights Act 1 998 was made to endeavor to advance individual rights. For individuals with learning inabilities this implies the Act may assist them with living completely and openly, on equivalent footing with non-impaired individuals (Thomas and Wood 2003: 52). As far as financial matters The Independent Living Fund and the Community Care Act 1996 mean to assist handicapped with peopling to control and sort out their own consideration and spending plans (Llewellyn, Agu and Mercer 2008: 259). Crippled individuals have gotten more politicized and crusaded for change, a model being the Disability Rights Commission which advocates for a rights to free living (Llewellyn, Agu and Mercer 2008: 264). The Adults with Incapacity Act 2000 presents another method of supporting grown-ups who don't have the ability to settle on choices for themselves because of debilitation (Thomas and Woods 2003: 53). This Act understands that albeit some mind boggling choices will be unable to be settled on other progressiv ely basic and clear decisions can be. The Act empowers grown-ups with insufficiency to augment their own capacity, support the advancement of new aptitudes and guarantee that whichever mediation is given is the least meddling conceivable (Thomas and Woods 2003: 54). There is a lot of constraint inside enactment through shortcomings of wording and confined execution which doesn't generally reflect hostile to harsh practice towards individuals with a learning incapacity, anyway when utilized decidedly the law can b

4 Country Writers I Wish Had Garth Brooks Other Book Deals

4 Country Writers I Wish Had Garth Brooks’ Other Book Deals Garth Brooks recently released Garth Brooks Anthology: The First Five Years. Which makes sense. Brooks is maybe the most famous country music star of the last thirty years, so it’s not a surprise that he’s telling the story of how some of that happened. Plus, Brooks’s song-writing suggests he’s a pretty good storyteller, so the new book is probably pretty good. Except, here’s the thing: Brooks doesn’t have a deal for one book. He has a FIVE BOOK memoir deal. This new book is just the first one. And as much as I like hearing “The Thunder Rolls” or “Friends in Low Places” shuffle up on Spotify, five books seems a little excessive. There’s only one living country artist who deserves five books to tell her story, and it ain’t Garth Brooks. (You can probably guess who it is, but if not, stay tuned.) I can’t stop thinking about ways I think those other four books could be better used. And yes, I know that’s not how publishing works, but for the purposes of this post, I don’t care. Let’s pretend we can spread the wealth. All due respect to Garth Brooks, here are the country music songwriters I’d rather have filling out the slots in Garth’s multi-book deal. Natalie Maines, Martie Erwin Maguire, and Emily Erwin Robinson Better known as the Dixie Chicks, these three women made up one of the most successful bandsâ€"in any genreâ€"of the late 1990s and early 2000s. That success imploded when, in the run-up to the United States invasion of Iraq in 2003, Maines told a London audience “We dont want this war, this violence, and were ashamed that the President of the United States is from Texas.” The band was essentially blacklisted from country radio, and that impact is still cited today in discussions of why country musicians are so hesitant to take a stand on political issues. Taking the Long Way, the Grammy-award-winning album that was partly inspired by the controversy, tells some part of the story of what these three women went through in the three years between when Maines spoke out against the invasion of Iraq and the release of the album. But there’s a story beyond that album, and I want themâ€"or at least one of themâ€"to get the chance tell it in a book. Alice Randall A couple of months ago, I read an essay by Alice Randall in  the anthology  Woman Walk The Line. It was an appreciation of Lil Hardin, but it blended information about Hardin with stories and insights from Randalls own life, and it wasn’t just fascinatingâ€"it was unique. Randall writes thoughtfully about the influence of black women in country music, a topic it can be hard to find anyone writing about at all, and it’s disappointing how few of us know that Randall is one of those women. Randall is  the  only person on this list who isn’t an established performer, but shes had significant success in the industry, particularly in  the  1990s when she wrote for Trisha Yearwood and published Garth Brooks. “XXXs and OOO’s (An American Girl),” which Yearwood performed and Randall co-wrote with Matraca Berg, hit number one on the charts in 1994, making Randall the first African-American woman to co-write a number-one  country  hit. But it’s Randall’s insight, knowledge, and writing skill that make me want to read more history from her. She’s already written three novels, most famously The Wind Done Gone, but I’d love to read more about her perspective on Nashville and the country music industry. Brandy Clark There’s a lot of stuff about Brandy Clark that’s just plain interesting, not the least of which is that she’s one of the only female artists on the country radar these days who’s above the age of 40. But the reason I want her to write a book is that she’s one of my favorite writers across any medium of storytelling. Her songs are as carefully crafted as literary fiction, using every tool a writer hasâ€"from point of view to humorâ€"to connect her audience to her protagonists and plot lines. One of the great examples is the way she uses tense in her ballads. Unlike better-known country tear-jerkers like “He Stopped Loving Her Today” or “Whiskey Lullaby,” when Clark writes heartbreak or struggle in songs like “Since You’ve Gone to Heaven” and “Three Kids No Husband,” she writes in the present tense. Her characters aren’t past anything or on the outside looking in; their pain tied into the current reality of their lives. These kinds of specific style decisions make Clark’s albumsâ€"and the songs she’s written for othersâ€"awfully interesting to listen to. I’d love to know what she’d do with a book. Any book, any genre. Dolly Parton To be fair, Dolly Parton has already written a book. A few of them, actually: couple of children’s books and even a mid-90s memoir which is no longer in print and isn’t available on ebook. She also expanded a 2009 commencement address to become essentially a short advice/inspirational book published in 2012 called Dream More. (The audiobook of it features Dolly occasionally breaking into song, and needless to say, it is delightful.) Parton has also told many of her stories in song, so maybe it’s not fair to ask more of her. But it seems to me that in addition to some fantastic stories, Dolly is likely to have some really interesting advice. She’s a major icon in the United States, and not just in country or entertainment. She’s a writer, a businesswoman, an entertainer, a philanthropist, and she’s dominated for decades in multiple fields that are still mired in sexism. She’s done it while fully embracing her femininity and identity. Plus, she knows from booksâ€"her Imagination Library has given out nearly 100,000,000 books to children on three continents. If there’s anyone in country music that could fill five books with stories and lessons and not waste a single page, it’s Dolly Parton. But I’d settle for one really good tell-all. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

The concept of social identity, social class,gender and...

Social Identity is the understanding of who we are, and reciprocally, other peoples understanding of themselves. Richard Jenkins believed that this social identity is achieved through socialization within social groups. He argued that by placing themselves in the role of others, people, particularly children, gain a greater understanding of the role that they should play. For example, a six-year-old girl playing mommy with her dolls will, as she gets into the role, begin to understand what a mother expects from a daughter and will, in response, be able to perform her own role as a daughter better. This is known as the play stage. Identity taking or role-playing is, according to Tony Bilton, the primary way in which individuals creates†¦show more content†¦However various people have proved such expectations wrong. Ann Oakley (1972) firmly believed that the culture of a society is what determines the type of behaviour displayed by the sexes. I believe that that assumption is right. If one compared the behaviour of a woman in India to that of a woman living in North America one would certainly notice a huge difference in behaviour. The constant demand of liberty for all helps to form females identity in North America. They demand and get freedom of speech; movement and can occupy any job in society. This is not the case with Indian women. Not only when born is a girl considered a liability but she is also treated as inferior to the male of the species. In many cases, Indian women are viewed as possessions. As in the example of the Pakistani girl, possessions can be tampered with to teach lessons to the offending family. It is kind of like stealing cattle with the knowledge that the person who owns it will feel upset because they intended to kill it and get some meat. Because of this type of treatment, Indian women tend to be more timid and probably consider an American woman bold. They would not dream of interrupting a man while he is speaking far less disagreeing with him, certain jobs are closed to them and their world would more or less revolve around keeping their husbands and families happy. The realization ofShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Identity? Who Defines Such, And How Is It Constructed?1570 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is identity? Who defines such, and how is it constructed? The Oxford English dictionary, describes identity as â€Å"being who, or what a person is, and the characteristics determining who, or what that person is.† But, identity is much more complex than its dictionary definition. Although the word â€Å"identity† is used correctly in everyday discourse, its meaning is not captured by the definition. Identity has a double sense, it can refer to one’s self, a personal identity; but at the same timeRead MoreSocial Stratification : Social Class, Ethnicity, Age, And Gender1074 Words   |  5 Pages It is in the human nature to be social beings, and have a social identity. Social stratification is the organization of individuals into social groups based on their access to basic needs. Aspects that affect social stratification are wealth, power, and prestige. Wealth is the amount of currency or goods that an individual or family owns. This can include money, houses, livestock, etc. Power is the ability for one to achieve their goals regardless of opposition. Wealth is directly related toRead MoreEssay about Educational Achievement and Development1338 Words   |  6 Pagesin developing their individual identity. 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I was born and raised in a small developed country called New Zealand. At birth, my biologicalRead MoreGiving An Education By Adrienne Rich Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of their history, however, education cannot provide the necessary means in order to live life actively and allow women to become committed to themselves. In Adrienne Rich’s piece titled â€Å"Claiming an Education†, Rich delves into this concept of having women as subjects. She explains that although the presence of women’s studies reflects a bold perspective and exhibits a great way to gain a critical basis for their experiences, it is just as important as â€Å"taking responsibility towardsRead MoreRace And Ethnicity : Biological And Sociological Factors980 Words   |  4 PagesRace and Ethnicity both relate to biological and sociological factors respectively, and even though they can overlap, they are distinct. The term race refers to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of physical characteristics (which usually result from genetic ancestry). Race presumes shared biological or genetic traits, whether actual or asserted and the category to which others assign individuals on the basis of physical characteristics. Races areRead MoreRace And Ethnicity : Biological And Sociological Factors957 Words   |  4 PagesRace and Ethnicity both relates to biological and sociological factors respectively and even though they can overlap, they are distinct. The term race refers to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of physical characteristics (which usually result from genetic ancestry). Race presumes shared biological or genetic traits, whether actual or asserted and the category to which others assign individuals on the basis of physical characteristics. Races areRead MoreThe Presentation Of The Self By Irving Goffman1167 Words   |  5 Pages The sociological concept ‘dramaturgy’, was developed by Irving Goffman (1922 – 1982) and initially used in his book The Presentation of the Self (1959). The concept was also a feature of subsequent works Behavior in Public Places (1963) and Interaction Rituals (1967), where the focus was on interaction and social scene rather than self-presentation and identity work. Dramaturgy uses the theatre as an extended metaphor to explain how people perform a variety of social roles, like actors in a playRead MoreEssay about Race and Ethnicity in Social Sciences877 Words   |  4 PagesUse of the Terms Race and Ethnicity in the Social Sciences Defining identity can be complex and therefore we have to investigate the factors involved that make us who we are and how we are seen by others, collectively or individually. Social scientists have to consider the key elements which shape identity, the importance of social structures and agency involved. The differences and/or similarities between us are the focus that categorise and label us in society. Knowing who we are is importantRead MoreSociological Accounts on Individuals Acquiring Their Identities591 Words   |  3 PagesSociological Accounts on Individuals Acquiring Their Identities The concept of identity has been defined as A sense of self that develops as the child differentiates from parents and family and takes a place in society (Jary and Jary, 1991.) Through the process of socialization, individuals acquire their identities, but this issue cause different understandings according to sociological accounts. Here, I will show these accounts, and make an analysis understood by

How Have Cell Phones Changed Our Society Research Paper

- 1 - Alexia Corbett 3-12-2009 CELLULAR PHONES INFLUENCE(s) AND IMPACT(s) ON SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS This paper seeks to explore how cellular phones (cell phones/mobiles) have influenced and impacted social interactions and interpersonal relationships. There have been a number of suggested theories and studies that have been contributed to the rising popularity and commonality of cell phones as to how they are affecting the way individuals are interacting in society. Some of these include, a change in the concept of time and space (Fortunati, 2002), lack of face-to-face interaction (Thompson and Cupples, 2008), the maintenance of relationships, social absences, and social dependency (Reid†¦show more content†¦The Change of Space and Time/Proximal Relationships Since the 18 th century, the idea of using the telephone has always been a fixed mentality in regards to accessibility. The phone was located at a fixed location, usually in a home or office, and you would have to be in that location where the phone was in order to be able to receive an d answer incoming phone calls. This bore the concept of â€Å"sitting and waiting by the phone† for someone to call, since at one time it was the only option. With the development of technologies, there have been ways to alter this mentality; there was the creation of the answering machine, which allowed for you to access messages from missed phone calls when you returned home, which did not always allow for a prompt relay of a message nor reply, and more recently the creation and distribution of the cellular phone. Cellular phones have taken this concept and spun it around on itself. With the development of cellular phones, individuals are able to remain in close and instantaneous contact with members of their social network regardless of where they are in the world. 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Dothea Orem Self-Care Theory Free Essays

Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Theory This page was last updated on February 4, 2012 INTRODUCTION †¢Theorist : Dorothea Orem (1914-2007) †¢Born 1914 in Baltimore, US †¢Earned her diploma at Providence Hospital – Washington, DC †¢1939 – BSN Ed. , Catholic University of America †¢1945 – MSN Ed. , Catholic University of America †¢She worked as a staff nurse, private duty nurse, nurse educator and administrator and nurse consultant. We will write a custom essay sample on Dothea Orem Self-Care Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢Received honorary Doctor of Science degree in 1976. †¢Theory was first published in Nursing: Concepts of Practice in 1971, second in 1980, in 1995, and 2001. MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS †¢People should be self-reliant and responsible for their own care and others in their family needing care †¢People are distinct individuals †¢Nursing is a form of action – interaction between two or more persons †¢Successfully meeting universal and development self-care requisites is an important component of primary care prevention and ill health †¢A person’s knowledge of potential health problems is necessary for promoting self-care behaviors †¢Self care and dependent care are behaviors learned within a socio-cultural context DEFINITIONS OF DOMAIN CONCEPTS Nursing – is art, a helping service, and a technology †¢Actions deliberately selected and performed by nurses to help individuals or groups under their care to maintain or change conditions in themselves or their environments †¢Encompasses the patient’s perspective of health condition ,the physician’s perspective , and the nursing perspective †¢Goal of nursing – to render the patient or members of his family capable of meeting the patient’s self care needs †¢To maintain a state of health To regain normal or near normal state of health in the event of disease or injury †¢To stabilize ,control ,or minimize the effects of chronic poor health or disability Health – health and healthy are terms used to describe living things †¦ †¢It is when they are structurally and functionally whole or sound †¦ wholeness or integrity. .includes that which makes a person human,†¦operating in conjunction with physiologi cal and psychophysiological mechanisms and a material structure and in relation to and interacting with other human beings Environment environment components are enthronement factors, enthronement elements, conditions, and developed environment Human being – has the capacity to reflect, symbolize and use symbols †¢Conceptualized as a total being with universal, developmental needs and capable of continuous self care †¢A unity that can function biologically, symbolically and socially Nursing client †¢A human being who has â€Å"health related /health derived limitations that render him incapable of continuous self care or dependent care or limitations that result in ineffective / incomplete care. A human being is the focus of nursing only when a self –care requisites exceeds self care capabilities Nursing problem †¢deficits in universal, developmental, and health derived or health related conditions Nursing process †¢a system to determine (1)wh y a person is under care (2)a plan for care ,(3)the implementation of care Nursing therapeutics †¢deliberate, systematic and purposeful action, OREM’S GENERAL THEORY OF NURSING Orem’s general theory of nursing in three related parts:- †¢Theory of self care Theory of self care deficit †¢Theory of nursing system A. Theory of Self Care This theory Includes: †¢Self care – practice of activities that individual initiates and perform on their own behalf in maintaining life ,health and well being †¢Self care agency – is a human ability which is â€Å"the ability for engaging in self care† -conditioned by age developmental state, life experience sociocultural orientation health and available resources †¢Therapeutic self care demand – â€Å"totality of self care actions to be performed for some uration in order to meet self care requisites by using valid methods and related sets of operations and actions† †¢S elf care requisites – action directed towards provision of self care. 3 categories of self care requisites are- oUniversal self care requisites oDevelopmental self care requisites oHealth deviation self care requisites 1. Universal self care requisites †¢Associated with life processes and the maintenance of the integrity of human structure and functioning †¢Common to all , ADL †¢Identifies these requisites as: oMaintenance of sufficient intake of air ,water, food Provision of care assoc with elimination process oBalance between activity and rest, between solitude and social interaction oPrevention of hazards to human life well being and oPromotion of human functioning 2. Developmental self care requisites †¢Associated with developmental processes/ derived from a condition†¦. Or associated with an event oE. g. adjusting to a new job oadjusting to body changes 3. Health deviation self care †¢Required in conditions of illness, injury, or disease . t hese include:– †¢Seeking and securing appropriate medical assistance Being aware of and attending to the effects and results of pathologic conditions †¢Effectively carrying out medically prescribed measures †¢Modifying self concepts in accepting oneself as being in a particular state of health and in specific forms of health care †¢Learning to live with effects of pathologic conditions B. Theory of self care deficit †¢Specifies when nursing is needed †¢Nursing is required when an adult (or in the case of a dependent, the parent) is incapable or limited in the provision of continuous effective self care. Orem identifies 5 methods of helping: oActing for and doing for others oGuiding others oSupporting another oProviding an environment promoting personal development in relation to meet future demands oTeaching another C. Theory of Nursing Systems †¢Describes how the patient’s self care needs will be met by the nurse , the patient, or both †¢Identifies 3 classifications of nursing system to meet the self care requisites of the patient:- †¢Wholly compensatory system †¢Partly compensatory system †¢Supportive – educative system †¢Design and elements of nursing system define Scope of nursing responsibility in health care situations †¢General and specific roles of nurses and patients †¢Reasons for nurses’ relationship with patients and †¢Orem recognized that specialized technologies are usually developed by members of the health profession †¢A technology is systematized information about a process or a method for affecti ng some desired result through deliberate practical endeavor, with or without use of materials or instruments. Categories of technologies 1. Social or interpersonal †¢Communication adjusted to age, health status Maintaining interpersonal, intra group or inter group relations for coordination of efforts †¢Maintaining therapeutic relationship in light of psychosocial modes of functioning in health and disease †¢Giving human assistance adapted to human needs ,action abilities and limitations 2. Regulatory technologies †¢Maintaining and promoting life processes †¢Regulating psycho physiological modes of functioning in health and disease †¢Promoting human growth and development †¢Regulating position and movement in space OREM’S THEORY AND NURSING PROCESS †¢Nursing process presents a method to determine the self care deficits and hen to define the roles of person or nurse to meet the self care demands. †¢The steps within the approach are considered to be the technical component of the nursing process. †¢Orem emphasizes that the technological component â€Å"must be coordinated with interpersonal and social processes within nursing situations. Nursing Process Orem’s Nursing Process †¢Assessment †¢Diagnosis and prescription; determine why nursing is needed. analyze and interpret –make judgment regarding care †¢Design of a nursing system and plan for delivery of care †¢Production and management of nursing systems Step 1-collect data in six areas:- †¢The person’s health status †¢The physician’s perspective of the person’s health status †¢The person’s perspective of his or her health †¢The health goals within the context of life history ,life style, and health status †¢The person’s requirements for self care †¢The person’s capacity to perform self care †¢Nursing diagnosis †¢Plans with scientific rationaleStep 2 †¢Nurse designs a system that is wholly or partly compensatory or supportive-educative. †¢The 2 actions are:- Bringing out a good organization of the components of patients’ therapeutic self care demands †¢Selection of combination of ways of helping that will be effective and efficient in compensating for/ overcoming patient’s self care deficits †¢Implementation †¢evaluationStep 3 †¢Nurse assists the patient or family in self care matters to achieve identified and described health and health related results. collecting evidence in evaluating results achieved against results specified in the nursing system design †¢Actions are directed by etiology component of nursing diagnosis †¢evaluation Application of Orem’s theory to nursing process Therapeutic self care demandAdequacy of self care agencyNursing diagnosisMethods of helping Air Maintain effective respiration Water No problem Food maintain sufficient intakeInadequate Adequate InadequatePotential for impaired respiratory status P F fluid imbalance Actual nutritional deficit r/t nauseaGuiding directing Teaching Providing physical support Hazards Prevent spouse abuse Promotion of normalcyInadequate InadequateP/F injury A/d in environment Shared housingPersonal development Guiding directing Guiding directing Maintain developmental environment Support  ¬ed normalcy in environment Prevent /manage dev threatInadequate InadequateActual delay in normal dev. R/T early parenthood Level of education Dev deficit r/t loss of reproductive organsGuiding directing Providing psy support Providing physical, psy support Maintenance of health status Management of disease process Inadequate InadequateP/F contd. alterations in health status P/F UTIGuiding directing, teaching Guiding directing, teaching Adherence to med regimen Awareness of potential problemsInadequate InadequateP/F ? dherence in self catheterization OPD RT Actual deficit in awareness of advisability of HRT RT effectsteaching teaching Adjust to loss of reproductive ability dev healthy view of illness Adjust life style to cope with change Inadequate InadequateActual threat to self image Actual self deficit in planning for future needs Providing psy support Guiding directing OREM’S WORK AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A THEORY â₠¬ ¢Orem’s theory ointerrelate concepts in such a way as to create a different way of looking at a particular phenomenon ois logical in nature. ois relatively simple yet generalizable ois basis for hypothesis that can be tested contribute to and assist in increasing the general body of knowledge within the discipline through the research implemented to validate them ocan be used by the practitioners to guide and improve their practice omust be consistent with other validated theories ,laws and principles Strengths †¢Provides a comprehensive base to nursing practice †¢It has utility for professional nursing in the areas of nursing practice nursing curricula ,nursing education administration ,and nursing research †¢Specifies when nursing is needed †¢Her self-care approach is contemporary with the concepts of health promotion and health maintenance Limitations In general system theory a system is viewed as a single whole thing while Orem defines a system as a single whole, thing. †¢Health is often viewed as dynamic and ever changing. †¢The theory is illness oriented. RESEARCH ON OREM’S THEORY 1. Self-care requirements for activity and rest: an Orem nursing focus 2. Nursing diagnoses in patients after heart catheterization–contribution of Orem 3. Self-care–the contribution of nursing sciences to health care 4. Self-care: a foundational science 5. Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory: its philosophic foundation and the state of the science 6. Dorothea E. Orem: thoughts on her theory . Orem’s theory in practice. Hospice nursing care 8. Solving the Orem mystery: an educational strategy 9. Orem’s family evaluation REFERENCES †¢Orem, D. E. (1991). Nursing: Concepts of practice (4th ed. ). St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year Book Inc. †¢Taylor, S. G. (2006). Dorthea E. Orem: Self-care deficit theory of nursing. In A. M. †¢Tomey, A. Alligood, M. (2002). Significance of theory for nursi ng as a discipline and profession. Nursing Theorists and their work. Mosby, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America. †¢Whelan, E. G. (1984). Analysis and application of Dorothea Orem’s Self-care Practuce Model. Retrieved October 31, 2006. †¢George B. Julia , Nursing Theories- The base for professional Nursing Practice, 3rd ed. Norwalk, Appleton Lange. †¢Wills M. Evelyn, McEwen Melanie (2002). Theoretical Basis for Nursing Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams wilkins. †¢Meleis Ibrahim Afaf (1997) , Theoretical Nursing : Development Progress 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott. †¢Taylor Carol,Lillis Carol (2001)The Art Science Of Nursing Care 4th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott. †¢Potter A Patricia, Perry G Anne (1992) Fundamentals Of Nursing –Concepts Process Practice 3rd ed. London Mosby Year Book. How to cite Dothea Orem Self-Care Theory, Papers

Public Awareness of Climate Changes and Carbon Footprints

This research explores the subject of public awareness of the issues of climate changes. In particular, the research focuses on the issues of the impact that global warming and big concentration of carbon have on human health and what possible decisions of these problems are. The research also considers questions of the importance of media and public interaction to address global climate change.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Public Awareness of Climate Changes and Carbon Footprints specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This research can argue that â€Å"lexical creativity and lexical framing† (Nerlich and Koteyko 206) can influence greatly on the propagation of terms related to environmental issues and explanation of them. For example, it can promote public interaction and â€Å"conduct public discourses on global climate change† (Inglis 500) and raise peoples’ interests to such issues as the influence of a greenhouse effect and carbon in the air on human health. This study aims at drawing attention to the importance of media in evolving questions of global warming and its consequences (greenhouse effect). A sustainable work should be led to â€Å"put the issue of carbon mitigation into the public spotlight† (Nerlich and Koteyko 208). Certain steps had already been done in this direction as â€Å"most scientists now accept that climate change is a reality† (Brook 253). However, this questions still deserves great attention because according to the work by Gautier, Deutsch and Rebich, a majority of people, students in particular, have some â€Å"misconceptions about climate† (387). Consequently, there is a â€Å"knowledge gap† as, â€Å"public health officials are aware of the growing human risk associated with climate change† (Akerlof et. al. 2561). Thus, media should pay bigger attention to inform and explain issues rela ted to global climate change. One more important solution to the problem of peoples’ awareness of the global issues and comprehensive social changes is a â€Å"public interaction† (Inglis 501). Having analyzed the works mentioned above, we can come up to a conclusion that: one of the reasons of global warming is a big concentration of carbon in the air. As a result, we can observe a greenhouse effect that has a negative influence on peoples’ health. A major task of media and scientists is to join their forces and promote people’s awareness of these issues through different sources of information and public interaction. It can elevate peoples’ consciousness and encourage finding common solutions to the problems. Some steps have been taken to solve the problem. First, many the subjects concerning global climate change have been introduced to the curriculum of many educational establishments to raise students’ awareness of the climate change.Ad vertising Looking for annotated bibliography on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Second, the Kyoto Protocol that aims at preventing climate changes was signed. Third, the production of newsletters concerning a greenhouse effect sent to e-mails was developed. Finally, media was involved in the process of fighting against global warming while producing specialized articles and educational TV programs. Our research reveals the problem of public awareness of the influence of global climate change and its effect on human health. Thus, further work in this direction presupposes creating specialized classes and student conferences that would promote peoples’ interaction discussing problems of climate change. The production of more articles in scientific and non-scientific journals that would explain the issues in an appropriate language can also bring positive results and attract peoples’ attention to the problem. Works Cited Akerlof, Karen et. al. â€Å"Public Perceptions of Climate Change as a Human Health Risk: Surveys of the United States, Canada and Malta.† International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 7 (2010): 2559-2606. Web. Brook, Ryan K. â€Å"Ignoring the Elephant in the Room: The Carbon Footprint of Climate Change Research.† InfoNorth. 62. 1 (2009): 253–255. Gautier, Catherine, Katie Deutsch and Stacy Rebich. â€Å"Misconceptions About the Greenhouse Effect.† Journal of Geoscience Education. 54. 3 (2006): 386. Inglis, Jan. â€Å"Evolving to Address Global Climate Change and the Scale of Public Interactions.† World Futures 64.5-7 (2008): 498-502. Web. Nerlich, Brigitte and Koteyko, Nelya. â€Å"Carbon Reduction Activism in the UK: Lexical Creativity and Lexical Framing in the Context of Climate Change.† Environmental Communication. A Journal of Nature and Culture. 3: 2. (2009): 206 — 223.Advertis ing We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Public Awareness of Climate Changes and Carbon Footprints specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Working Bibliography Akerlof, Karen et. al. â€Å"Public Perceptions of Climate Change as a Human Health Risk: Surveys of the United States, Canada and Malta.† International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 7 (2010): 2559-2606. Web. Akerlof and others discusses the problem of influence of the global environmental changes on peoples’ health. Several surveys were conducted in the United States, Malta and Canada order to define how people perceive the global climate changes. It was defined that concerns about the climate changes grow. Moreover, people thing that the main reason of the majority of diseases related to heart, respiratory problems, cancer and infectious diseases is a global warming. During the research, it was discovered that global warmi ng influences greatly on elderly people and children. People in America sure that environmental changes are more dangerous in developing countries. The authors offer to mount public health communication initiative and inform people about consequences of diseases related to climate change. Brook, Ryan K. â€Å"Ignoring the Elephant in the Room: The Carbon Footprint of Climate Change Research.† InfoNorth. 62. 1 (2009): 253–255. The author of the article attracts attention to the question that global climate changes are the results of the human activity. He present the results of a Global Pole that only 41 % of people believe that global warming is the result of human activity and carbon emission. The author provides the opinion that people are aware of a danger of carbon emission, but nobody still does anything and that data gathering can have significant positive impact and solve the problem. Thus, Ryan Brook suggests making first steps to reduce the carbon omission. Fo r this purpose, he offers calculating individual research footprints and do something about it. He assumes that only uniting their forces, people can do significant contribution to reducing the carbon emission. Finally, Brook provides the idea that scientists who preoccupied with the global climate changes should share their knowledge and data about carbon emission and how to reduce it providing leadership on issues of tourism and business actions. Gautier, Catherine, Katie Deutsch and Stacy Rebich. â€Å"Misconceptions About the Greenhouse Effect.† Journal of Geoscience Education. 54. 3 (2006): 386.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Catherine Gautier, Katie Deutsch and Stacy Rebich in their article present the research directed on defining the misconceptions about climate changes among students. Students were suggested to pass several tests in order to define the level of understanding of such issues as global warming and greenhouse effect The study was conducted in mock summit class on global changes. Having analyzed the results, the scientists understood what methods should be used to overcome misconceptions. The study showed that the majority of misconceptions were maintained through the class and many students had built their own mental models about the greenhouse effect. The authors emphasize that as future citizens of the world, student should be well aware of greenhouse effect and lead a research work in order to prevent its destructive influence on environment. The authors suggest a â€Å"potential role of students in decision making related to global climate change†. Moreover, the task of such s tudents will be to prevent further misconceptions in environmental science. The authors also suggest basic information that students should know. This information is about the gases that constitute greenhouse effect, their qualities (how gas absorb and reemit radiation), etc. This annotated bibliography on Public Awareness of Climate Changes and Carbon Footprints was written and submitted by user Howard Saint to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.